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Introduction

Frontmatter (free):

  • Acknowledgement. 
  • Preface.
  • To the teacher
  • About the author

Newton's laws: Motion and Forces

The first chapter (free) introduces Newton's laws, which describe the forces acting on our bodies in everyday life, as well as in the example of the rapidly changing motion of amusement rides. Roller coasters are large “inclined planes.” In drop towers your body is exposed to free fall. Your body experiences the forces in circular motion and in two and three dimensions. These forces can be visualized with simple equipment and can also be captured by electronic sensors, e.g., in smartphones carried on your person and measured in your biomechanical coordinate system. They are then expressed in terms of a G vector: G = X/m = a−g, where X is the force from the ride on your body. This vector, commonly referred to as a “G-force,” is independent of mass and is often given in terms of the acceleration of gravity, g ≈ 9.8 ms−2. Authentic data for an elevator and escalator are presented and discussed.

Newton's laws are introduced with examples from amusement rides, and how our body can distinguish acceleration from motion with constant velocity, through the forces acting on (and in) our bodies, and how these forces can be measured with simple toys - or with smartphones.

Newton's first law was also explored in a 2020 paper: